Auxiliary Verb

yeonsolkim
Yeonsol Kim

April 05, 2026


1. can

  1. ability
  2. permission
  3. circumstantial possibility
  4. conjecture

Examples.

  1. He can lift 500N.
  2. You can go home now.
  3. Even expert drivers / can [ ~ make mistakes].
    Water / can [ ~ boil].
    The absence of legs / cannot [ ~ disguise their affinities with mammals].
    I can’t believe that we are faced with that sort of choice. (화자의 epistemic state에 의해 제한된 possibility)
  4. She can’t be tired now.

2. may

  1. permission
  2. conjecture
  3. circumstantial possibility

3. must, have to

  1. duty: 어떤 주체가 해야할 의무
  2. necessity
  3. strong conjecture

Examples.

  1. You must do military service.
  2. I have to call my mom.
  3. He must be hungry.

4. will

  1. will(의지)
  2. cooperativeness
  3. disposition(경향)
  4. 습성(습관적)
  5. definite conjecture(확실한 추측)

Examples.

  1. I will lose weight.
  2. The door won’t open.
  3. After sad things, happy things will happen. (슬픈 일 뒤에는 행복한일이 생기기 마련이다.)
  4. I would sometimes travel alone. (나는 때로 혼자 여행을 하곤 했다.)
  5. He will be a doctor.

5. should, ought to

  1. duty
  2. expectation: normality와 상식을 기반으로 한 일반적 expectation

Examples.

  1. It should be obvious that humans walk on two feet.