Other PPs

Yeonsol Kim

April 03, 2026

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1. By-PP

1. reason
2. unit
3. determining factor

Examples.

1. It was marked by a good or legitimate reason.
2. They are paid by the week.
3. My scheme would stand or fall by that principle.

2. With-PP

1. the complement of an adjective (상태를 보충)
2. manner (동작 과정의 양태)
3. content

Examples.

1. I fell so ill with hay fever.
2. He solved the problem with great difficulty: 그는 많은 우여곡절 끝에 문제를 풀었다.
3. It worked out with her help.

3. As-PP

1. means
2. background (circumstantial/temporal)
3. content

Examples.

1. They ascertained exactly as a result of research or calculation.
2. We join Wilson in 1911 as he wonders whether he can re-create the scene in the laboratory: circumstantial background
3. The conference was acclaimed as a considerable success.

4. About-PP

1. domain

Examples.

1. There is much to learn about current problems. (much가 direct object이다.)

5. To-PP

1. purpose

Examples.

1. He uses his power to bad effect.

6. For-PP

1. local purpose 화자의 목적

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