The structure of a sentence

Yeonsol Kim

April 03, 2026

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1. Overview

• a sentence의 a part를 constituent라고 하자.
• a constituent는 더 큰 constituent 안에서 a particular function을 가진다.

2. Constituents

1. lexeme
   • verb
     • lexical verb
     • auxiliary verb
   • noun
   • determinative
   • adjective
   • adverb
   • preposition
   • subordinator
   • coordinator
2. phrase (whose head is a lexeme)
   • verb phrase
   • noun phrase
   • determinative phrase
   • adjective phrase
   • adverbial phrase
   • preposition phrase
3. clause
4. coordination

3. Functions

definition: 더 큰 constituent 안에서의 기능

1. in a coordination: coordinate, marker
2. in a clause: predicate(VP), dependent
3. in a phrase: head, dependent

4. Dependents of a clause

1. subject
2. adjunct: predicate가 요구하지 않는 optional dependent.
3. marker

5. Dependents of a phrase

1. complement
   • object: subject와 다른 한 대상이면 object.
     • direct object
     • indirect object
   • predicative complement
2. adjunct: head가 요구하지 않는 optional dependent.
   • modifier: fully integrated, attached
   • supplement: loosely attached
3. determiner

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