Adjuncts


1. Modifier

1.1. The modifier to an NP

restrictive: modifier가 집합의 범위를 좁힘.

Examples.
students who came late
smart students

1.2. PP functioning as the supplement to a clause

He was awarded the prize because he achieved outstanding accomplishments.

  • subject: he
  • predicate: was awarded the prize
  • modifier(PP): because he achieved outstanding accomplishments
    • head(P): because
    • complement(finite clause): he achieved outstanding accomplishments

2. Supplement

2.1. Past-participial clauses functioning as the supplement to an NP

non-restrictive.
The Strange Situation Experiment, conducted by psychologist Mary Ainsworth in 1970s, determined the attachment behavior of infants toward their caregivers.

  • subject(NP)
    • head: the strange situation experiment
    • supplement(past-participial clause): conducted by psychologist mary ainsworth in 1970s
      • predicate: conducted by psychologist mary ainsworth in 1970s
        • head: conducted
        • complement(PP): by psychologist mary ainsworth
        • modifier(PP): in 1970s
  • predicate
    • head: determined
    • complement: the attachment behavior of infants toward their caregivers
      • determiner: the
      • modifier(NP): attachment
      • head: behavior
      • complement(PP): of infants
      • modifier(PP): toward their caregivers

2.2. Finite clauses functioning as the supplement to an NP

non-restrictive.
The correct approach, it was realized only much later, is to consider the finite situation

  • subject(NP)
    • determiner(determinative): the
    • modifier(Adj): correct
    • head: approach
    • supplement(finite clause): it was realized only much later
  • predicate